Mu gihugu cy’u Rwanda, kubona inguzanyo byabaye kimwe mu bisubizo byiza ku baturage bashaka gushora imari cyangwa gukora ibindi bikorwa by’iterambere. Kugira ngo ubashe gusaba inguzanyo, hari ibyo usabwa kuba wujuje. Muri iki gice, turibanda ku bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu abashe gusaba inguzanyo yihuse kandi neza mu Rwanda.
Amabanki atandukanye yo mu Rwanda atanga inguzanyo ku bantu ku giti cyabo, ariko buri banki ifite ibisabwa byayo. Hari amabanki agira ibiciro byiza kandi akorohereza abakiriya mu buryo bwo kwishyura. Birakwiye ko umuntu asuzuma neza ibiciro n’amasezerano atangwa n’amabanki atandukanye kugira ngo afate icyemezo gishingiye ku nyungu ze.
Kugira ngo umuntu abashe gusaba inguzanyo, hari ibyangombwa adashobora kubura. Ibikunze gusabwa ni nk’impanvu ya ngombwa, inyandiko zigaragaza umwenda werekeza amafaranga, kimwe n’ibindi byangombwa bigaragaza umutungo cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kwishyura inguzanyo. Ikinyuranyo kirazamo ku bijyanye n’ibisabwa biratungwa mu kugenzura uko amabanki atandukanye abigenza.
Requisites yo Kuvana Inguzanyo Nka Buri Muntu Ku Bantu
Mu rwego rwo gusaba inguzanyo, ibisabwa n’ingenzi birimo kuba ufite imyaka y’ubukure. Abarimo gushaka inguzanyo bagomba kugaragaza impamvu y’inguzanyo, nka gahunda yo gushora imari cyangwa umushinga w’iterambere. Birakenewe ko usabwa anerekana inyandiko zigaragaza aho akura amafaranga cyangwa ibikorwa by’umutungo ashobora gusigarana.
Kubona inguzanyo kandi bisaba kuko umwenda ugomba kwerekana ubushobozi bwo kwishyura, ukumvikanisha niba usaba inguzanyo afite akazi gahoraho. Ukoresheje icyangombwa gifatika gihuza kandi impande zombi, utanga inguzanyo azasuzuma neza uburyo usaba inguzanyo yamara igihe kingana iki mu kwishyura, bikaba bifasha mu guhitamo ubwoko bw’inguzanyo ibereye.
Icyo twita ‘credit score’ ni ikintu cy’ingenzi gifasha kwemeza niba uzemererwa inguzanyo. Kandi birakenewe ko usaba agaragaza neza ahantu hatekanye aho banki ishobora gukoresha iyo yaba itagishoboye kwishyura. Ibi byose hamwe n’ibindi bisabwa bitandukanye bitewe na banki miliyoni, bigira uruhare runini mu kuruhura urugendo rwo kubona inguzanyo.
Amabanki Ahoroshya Gukuramo Inguzanyo Ku Bikenewe
Hari amabanki azwiho gutanga inguzanyo ku bw’uburyo bwiza bwo kwishyura. Amabanki ariko aba afite uburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyura; hari igihe wongerwaho inyungu byorohera abakiriya kubona no kwishyura neza. Niba uri gutekereza guhitamo banki, birakenewe gusuzuma uburyo bwose butangwa n’amabanki atandukanye.
Ubwo bukorohereza bujyanye n’inyungu z’ijyanye ku nguzanyo nk’uko banki imwe n’imwe ishobora kugira bimwe mu biciro bihendutse. Iyo ubishaka, urashobora kwifatanya n’imitwe n’ikipe yo kureba amateka y’ubufatanye cyangwa ibyemezo by’ubwishingizi kuri ibyo banki igena, bigafasha abakiriya gushaka inguzanyo umwenda nta mbogamizi z’inyungu ahanini.
Mu gihe umaze kugira amakuru ajyanye n’ibiciro, kwifashisha uburyo bwa ‘online banking’ bikunda gufasha mu gutanga ibitekerezo byihuse, abakiriya benshi barasaba banze kunyura mu burebure bw’urugendo bareba bacega amabangikanyishe kandi imibanire n’amabanki. Kugira ngo bishoboke, hari aho biba bisetsa abakiriya ndetse bikanoroshya uburyo bwo kubyara inyungu.
Kwishora Nta Byangombwa Byerekeye Aho Akura Amafaranga
Icyo twita gutanga inguzanyo nta byangombwa byerekeye aho akura amafaranga birashoboka, ariko biterwa n’ubwoko bw’inguzanyo ndetse no ku bijyanye n’ibiciro n’uburyo bwite. Amashuri cyangwa amasasu y’ubwishingizi bigira impinduka ku birebana n’izindi mpamvu za ngombwa. Icyakora, kubona byitezwe kugabanya ibigo bikoresha ubucuruzi bifite uburyo bwiza nkatwe, byo kongera kuzitira cyangwa kubona ubwishingizi bw’ibintu bitazwi n’amafaranga.
Ibigo by’inguzanyo bikeneye kwizeza ko umukiriya abasha kubona uburyo ahagazeho, iyo bishoboka. Icyerekano cy’ubwuzu cg intandaro y’icyemezo ku kubona cyangwa kutabona inguzanyo biraremerwa. Ibigo bitanga inguzanyo bishobora kutabyemera, ariko binatekereza aho uwiyemeje cyangwa yiyemeje kubyitaho, gukomeza gukora no gutanga ibitekerezo byiyerekana neza.
Nubwo ufite impamvu zo gushaka inguzanyo nta byangombwa by’akazi bemera, ahantu henshi hakunda kubanza gusaba ko umusaba aba afite umwaka w’amasomo ku bijyanye n’uko yari yitwaye mumyaka ishize. Kugira ngo bashobore kwemererwa mbere yo kubona ibyo byarananiranye cyane cyane niba hari ahantu bakoraho ibikorwa nko mu mirire, mu masano cyangwa mu bufatanye n’amahugurwa.
Kureba Ukuntu Usaba Inguzanyo Kumenyekanira Aho Utanga Inguzanyo
Ahantu h’ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rw’amashami mu bigo akunda kugira uburyo bukora neza, kugira ngo gutanga inguzanyo bishoboke bitazana imbogamizi. Kugirango ubushake bwo gusaba inguzanyo, urajwi rushyashya rukurikizwa, uvana pot ifite ibyifuzo bifite umutekano n’igihugu cyangwa rimwe mu bihugu bisabwa gukoreramo. Uha cyangwa uba ushobora gushyira imbere ubwo buryo icyo gihe.
Mu gihe wumva aho biboneka usanga ngo abashakisha cyangwa bashyiraho cyangwa kugaragara ibiganiro bisabwa mu buryo bwa ‘online banking’. Uburyo bwo gusaranganya bisaba guha uruhushya ibyo bigo, ko ibibiharangwamo uwo murongo w’amakuru ako nishinganishije, gukora itumanaho biciye mu nzira zibereye aho byita ko abibonye, aho ni ngombwa.
Buri kigomba kugira umuhora w’ibitekerezo, bituma icy’uko usaba inguzanyo mu buryo buboneye ku buryo bishoboka. Uko ibindi mu kugaragaza cyangwa ni kugira kwibiza cyangwa akurikiza ikoranabuhanga uyu miheke biza ku bijyana n’icyigisho cyangwa kuzigama byo kurandura. Kumenya uburyo bwo gukoresha internet ifasha mu buryo bigisha irushanwa mu bikorwa byinjirana n’amafaranga ashyizwe mu muyoborere.
Ibyangombwa Bikenerwa Nyuma Yo Gusaba Inguzanyo
Mu gihe wifuza kubona inguzanyo, hari ibyemezo bigomba gutangwa. Birakenewe ko ibi byemezo harimo ingwate cyangwa igihinduka cy’ubunde cyangwa ibirenze. Kugirango buri nguzanyo ikemure urubuga rwako iyo biri by’iterambere cyangwa imwe mu bikorwa biteganywa byari byari byemewe, aho byari byemewe bihereza ko byemezwa bikazatangwa kwerwe.
Kubona inguzanyo bisaba impapuro zifite umwenda w’uwaruse cyangwa wakobo. Ibyemezo birikoresha bivugwa mu gusaba cyangwa ibyumvikana birimo ko ushobora kubona ibyo byemezo byemewe. Itegeko ryo kwerekana icyemezo kigaragaza ko ubuyobozi bwo ku ruhande rw’amagambo bigomba gusinyisha bubasha kwerekana isura rusange byerekana.
Ibyemezo bikorwa aho hano ako impande zombi zishyira aha hose hamwe n’inzira zo gusaba cyangwa uko byoroshye. Abisaba bifashwamo mu gutanga ibyo, ibyemezo bimwe na kimwe kugira ngo bigaragaze kujya cyangwa kuguma mu buryo bw’umusaruro akaba akoresha uburyo bwa ‘credit score’ kugira ngo ibi byemezo bishyirwe mbere ya byose.
Uherezo
Mugihe ushaka gushyira imbaraga mu bikorwa by’iterambere hakenewe inguzanyo, ni ingenzi gukurikiza amabwiriza ahabwa n’amabanki. Kugira ibyangombwa byuzuye birenza kumvikana mu gutanga umwenda bitinywa ndetse no kubyara inyungu z’igihe kirekire, birinda ingorane zo kwishyura umwenda.
Kubona inguzanyo neza kandi mu buryo butekanye biterwa no kugenzura neza ibiciro by’inyungu n’amasezerano. Bidufasha guhatana mu iterambere ry’ubukungu no guharanira kandi gukorana ubushake bwo kongera ubushobozi bwo gukora neza ibyo twiyemeje mu mishanga itandukanye.
